- matcher
- createMatcher
- addRoutes
- match
- 总结
matcher
matcher
相关的实现都在 src/create-matcher.js
中,我们先来看一下 matcher
的数据结构:
export type Matcher = {
match: (raw: RawLocation, current?: Route, redirectedFrom?: Location) => Route;
addRoutes: (routes: Array<RouteConfig>) => void;
};
Matcher
返回了 2 个方法,match
和 addRoutes
,在上一节我们接触到了 match
方法,顾名思义它是做匹配,那么匹配的是什么,在介绍之前,我们先了解路由中重要的 2 个概念,Loaction
和 Route
,它们的数据结构定义在 flow/declarations.js
中。
- Location
declare type Location = {
_normalized?: boolean;
name?: string;
path?: string;
hash?: string;
query?: Dictionary<string>;
params?: Dictionary<string>;
append?: boolean;
replace?: boolean;
}
Vue-Router 中定义的 Location
数据结构和浏览器提供的 window.location
部分结构有点类似,它们都是对 url
的结构化描述。举个例子:/abc?foo=bar&baz=qux#hello
,它的 path
是 /abc
,query
是 {foo:bar,baz:qux}
。Location
的其他属性我们之后会介绍。
- Route
declare type Route = {
path: string;
name: ?string;
hash: string;
query: Dictionary<string>;
params: Dictionary<string>;
fullPath: string;
matched: Array<RouteRecord>;
redirectedFrom?: string;
meta?: any;
}
Route
表示的是路由中的一条线路,它除了描述了类似 Loctaion
的 path
、query
、hash
这些概念,还有 matched
表示匹配到的所有的 RouteRecord
。Route
的其他属性我们之后会介绍。
createMatcher
在了解了 Location
和 Route
后,我们来看一下 matcher
的创建过程:
export function createMatcher (
routes: Array<RouteConfig>,
router: VueRouter
): Matcher {
const { pathList, pathMap, nameMap } = createRouteMap(routes)
function addRoutes (routes) {
createRouteMap(routes, pathList, pathMap, nameMap)
}
function match (
raw: RawLocation,
currentRoute?: Route,
redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
const location = normalizeLocation(raw, currentRoute, false, router)
const { name } = location
if (name) {
const record = nameMap[name]
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(record, `Route with name '${name}' does not exist`)
}
if (!record) return _createRoute(null, location)
const paramNames = record.regex.keys
.filter(key => !key.optional)
.map(key => key.name)
if (typeof location.params !== 'object') {
location.params = {}
}
if (currentRoute && typeof currentRoute.params === 'object') {
for (const key in currentRoute.params) {
if (!(key in location.params) && paramNames.indexOf(key) > -1) {
location.params[key] = currentRoute.params[key]
}
}
}
if (record) {
location.path = fillParams(record.path, location.params, `named route "${name}"`)
return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
}
} else if (location.path) {
location.params = {}
for (let i = 0; i < pathList.length; i++) {
const path = pathList[i]
const record = pathMap[path]
if (matchRoute(record.regex, location.path, location.params)) {
return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
}
}
}
return _createRoute(null, location)
}
// ...
function _createRoute (
record: ?RouteRecord,
location: Location,
redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
if (record && record.redirect) {
return redirect(record, redirectedFrom || location)
}
if (record && record.matchAs) {
return alias(record, location, record.matchAs)
}
return createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom, router)
}
return {
match,
addRoutes
}
}
createMatcher
接收 2 个参数,一个是 router
,它是我们 new VueRouter
返回的实例,一个是 routes
,它是用户定义的路由配置,来看一下我们之前举的例子中的配置:
const Foo = { template: '<div>foo</div>' }
const Bar = { template: '<div>bar</div>' }
const routes = [
{ path: '/foo', component: Foo },
{ path: '/bar', component: Bar }
]
createMathcer
首先执行的逻辑是 const { pathList, pathMap, nameMap } = createRouteMap(routes)
创建一个路由映射表,createRouteMap
的定义在 src/create-route-map
中:
export function createRouteMap (
routes: Array<RouteConfig>,
oldPathList?: Array<string>,
oldPathMap?: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
oldNameMap?: Dictionary<RouteRecord>
): {
pathList: Array<string>;
pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>;
nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>;
} {
const pathList: Array<string> = oldPathList || []
const pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord> = oldPathMap || Object.create(null)
const nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord> = oldNameMap || Object.create(null)
routes.forEach(route => {
addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, route)
})
for (let i = 0, l = pathList.length; i < l; i++) {
if (pathList[i] === '*') {
pathList.push(pathList.splice(i, 1)[0])
l--
i--
}
}
return {
pathList,
pathMap,
nameMap
}
}
createRouteMap
函数的目标是把用户的路由配置转换成一张路由映射表,它包含 3 个部分,pathList
存储所有的 path
,pathMap
表示一个 path
到 RouteRecord
的映射关系,而 nameMap
表示 name
到 RouteRecord
的映射关系。那么 RouteRecord
到底是什么,先来看一下它的数据结构:
declare type RouteRecord = {
path: string;
regex: RouteRegExp;
components: Dictionary<any>;
instances: Dictionary<any>;
name: ?string;
parent: ?RouteRecord;
redirect: ?RedirectOption;
matchAs: ?string;
beforeEnter: ?NavigationGuard;
meta: any;
props: boolean | Object | Function | Dictionary<boolean | Object | Function>;
}
它的创建是通过遍历 routes
为每一个 route
执行 addRouteRecord
方法生成一条记录,来看一下它的定义:
function addRouteRecord (
pathList: Array<string>,
pathMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
nameMap: Dictionary<RouteRecord>,
route: RouteConfig,
parent?: RouteRecord,
matchAs?: string
) {
const { path, name } = route
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
assert(path != null, `"path" is required in a route configuration.`)
assert(
typeof route.component !== 'string',
`route config "component" for path: ${String(path || name)} cannot be a ` +
`string id. Use an actual component instead.`
)
}
const pathToRegexpOptions: PathToRegexpOptions = route.pathToRegexpOptions || {}
const normalizedPath = normalizePath(
path,
parent,
pathToRegexpOptions.strict
)
if (typeof route.caseSensitive === 'boolean') {
pathToRegexpOptions.sensitive = route.caseSensitive
}
const record: RouteRecord = {
path: normalizedPath,
regex: compileRouteRegex(normalizedPath, pathToRegexpOptions),
components: route.components || { default: route.component },
instances: {},
name,
parent,
matchAs,
redirect: route.redirect,
beforeEnter: route.beforeEnter,
meta: route.meta || {},
props: route.props == null
? {}
: route.components
? route.props
: { default: route.props }
}
if (route.children) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (route.name && !route.redirect && route.children.some(child => /^\/?$/.test(child.path))) {
warn(
false,
`Named Route '${route.name}' has a default child route. ` +
`When navigating to this named route (:to="{name: '${route.name}'"), ` +
`the default child route will not be rendered. Remove the name from ` +
`this route and use the name of the default child route for named ` +
`links instead.`
)
}
}
route.children.forEach(child => {
const childMatchAs = matchAs
? cleanPath(`${matchAs}/${child.path}`)
: undefined
addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, child, record, childMatchAs)
})
}
if (route.alias !== undefined) {
const aliases = Array.isArray(route.alias)
? route.alias
: [route.alias]
aliases.forEach(alias => {
const aliasRoute = {
path: alias,
children: route.children
}
addRouteRecord(
pathList,
pathMap,
nameMap,
aliasRoute,
parent,
record.path || '/'
)
})
}
if (!pathMap[record.path]) {
pathList.push(record.path)
pathMap[record.path] = record
}
if (name) {
if (!nameMap[name]) {
nameMap[name] = record
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && !matchAs) {
warn(
false,
`Duplicate named routes definition: ` +
`{ name: "${name}", path: "${record.path}" }`
)
}
}
}
我们只看几个关键逻辑,首先创建 RouteRecord
的代码如下:
const record: RouteRecord = {
path: normalizedPath,
regex: compileRouteRegex(normalizedPath, pathToRegexpOptions),
components: route.components || { default: route.component },
instances: {},
name,
parent,
matchAs,
redirect: route.redirect,
beforeEnter: route.beforeEnter,
meta: route.meta || {},
props: route.props == null
? {}
: route.components
? route.props
: { default: route.props }
}
这里要注意几个点,path
是规范化后的路径,它会根据 parent
的 path
做计算;regex
是一个正则表达式的扩展,它利用了path-to-regexp
这个工具库,把 path
解析成一个正则表达式的扩展,举个例子:
var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]
components
是一个对象,通常我们在配置中写的 component
实际上这里会被转换成 {components: route.component}
;instances
表示组件的实例,也是一个对象类型;parent
表示父的 RouteRecord
,因为我们配置的时候有时候会配置子路由,所以整个 RouteRecord
也就是一个树型结构。
if (route.children) {
// ...
route.children.forEach(child => {
const childMatchAs = matchAs
? cleanPath(`${matchAs}/${child.path}`)
: undefined
addRouteRecord(pathList, pathMap, nameMap, child, record, childMatchAs)
})
}
如果配置了 children
,那么递归执行 addRouteRecord
方法,并把当前的 record
作为 parent
传入,通过这样的深度遍历,我们就可以拿到一个 route
下的完整记录。
if (!pathMap[record.path]) {
pathList.push(record.path)
pathMap[record.path] = record
}
为 pathList
和 pathMap
各添加一条记录。
if (name) {
if (!nameMap[name]) {
nameMap[name] = record
}
// ...
}
如果我们在路由配置中配置了 name
,则给 nameMap
添加一条记录。
由于 pathList
、pathMap
、nameMap
都是引用类型,所以在遍历整个 routes
过程中去执行 addRouteRecord
方法,会不断给他们添加数据。那么经过整个 createRouteMap
方法的执行,我们得到的就是 pathList
、pathMap
和 nameMap
。其中 pathList
是为了记录路由配置中的所有 path
,而 pathMap
和 nameMap
都是为了通过 path
和 name
能快速查到对应的 RouteRecord
。
再回到 createMather
函数,接下来就定义了一系列方法,最后返回了一个对象。
return {
match,
addRoutes
}
也就是说,matcher
是一个对象,它对外暴露了 match
和 addRoutes
方法。
addRoutes
addRoutes
方法的作用是动态添加路由配置,因为在实际开发中有些场景是不能提前把路由写死的,需要根据一些条件动态添加路由,所以 Vue-Router 也提供了这一接口:
function addRoutes (routes) {
createRouteMap(routes, pathList, pathMap, nameMap)
}
addRoutes
的方法十分简单,再次调用 createRouteMap
即可,传入新的 routes
配置,由于 pathList
、pathMap
、nameMap
都是引用类型,执行 addRoutes
后会修改它们的值。
match
function match (
raw: RawLocation,
currentRoute?: Route,
redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
const location = normalizeLocation(raw, currentRoute, false, router)
const { name } = location
if (name) {
const record = nameMap[name]
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(record, `Route with name '${name}' does not exist`)
}
if (!record) return _createRoute(null, location)
const paramNames = record.regex.keys
.filter(key => !key.optional)
.map(key => key.name)
if (typeof location.params !== 'object') {
location.params = {}
}
if (currentRoute && typeof currentRoute.params === 'object') {
for (const key in currentRoute.params) {
if (!(key in location.params) && paramNames.indexOf(key) > -1) {
location.params[key] = currentRoute.params[key]
}
}
}
if (record) {
location.path = fillParams(record.path, location.params, `named route "${name}"`)
return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
}
} else if (location.path) {
location.params = {}
for (let i = 0; i < pathList.length; i++) {
const path = pathList[i]
const record = pathMap[path]
if (matchRoute(record.regex, location.path, location.params)) {
return _createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
}
}
}
return _createRoute(null, location)
}
match
方法接收 3 个参数,其中 raw
是 RawLocation
类型,它可以是一个 url
字符串,也可以是一个 Location
对象;currentRoute
是 Route
类型,它表示当前的路径;redirectedFrom
和重定向相关,这里先忽略。match
方法返回的是一个路径,它的作用是根据传入的 raw
和当前的路径 currentRoute
计算出一个新的路径并返回。
首先执行了 normalizeLocation
,它的定义在 src/util/location.js
中:
export function normalizeLocation (
raw: RawLocation,
current: ?Route,
append: ?boolean,
router: ?VueRouter
): Location {
let next: Location = typeof raw === 'string' ? { path: raw } : raw
if (next.name || next._normalized) {
return next
}
if (!next.path && next.params && current) {
next = assign({}, next)
next._normalized = true
const params: any = assign(assign({}, current.params), next.params)
if (current.name) {
next.name = current.name
next.params = params
} else if (current.matched.length) {
const rawPath = current.matched[current.matched.length - 1].path
next.path = fillParams(rawPath, params, `path ${current.path}`)
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(false, `relative params navigation requires a current route.`)
}
return next
}
const parsedPath = parsePath(next.path || '')
const basePath = (current && current.path) || '/'
const path = parsedPath.path
? resolvePath(parsedPath.path, basePath, append || next.append)
: basePath
const query = resolveQuery(
parsedPath.query,
next.query,
router && router.options.parseQuery
)
let hash = next.hash || parsedPath.hash
if (hash && hash.charAt(0) !== '#') {
hash = `#${hash}`
}
return {
_normalized: true,
path,
query,
hash
}
}
normalizeLocation
方法的作用是根据 raw
,current
计算出新的 location
,它主要处理了 raw
的两种情况,一种是有 params
且没有 path
,一种是有 path
的,对于第一种情况,如果 current
有 name
,则计算出的 location
也有 name
。
计算出新的 location
后,对 location
的 name
和 path
的两种情况做了处理。
name
有name
的情况下就根据nameMap
匹配到record
,它就是一个RouterRecord
对象,如果record
不存在,则匹配失败,返回一个空路径;然后拿到record
对应的paramNames
,再对比currentRoute
中的params
,把交集部分的params
添加到location
中,然后在通过fillParams
方法根据record.path
和location.path
计算出location.path
,最后调用_createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
去生成一条新路径,该方法我们之后会介绍。path
通过name
我们可以很快的找到record
,但是通过path
并不能,因为我们计算后的location.path
是一个真实路径,而record
中的path
可能会有param
,因此需要对所有的pathList
做顺序遍历, 然后通过matchRoute
方法根据record.regex
、location.path
、location.params
匹配,如果匹配到则也通过_createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom)
去生成一条新路径。因为是顺序遍历,所以我们书写路由配置要注意路径的顺序,因为写在前面的会优先尝试匹配。
最后我们来看一下 _createRoute
的实现:
function _createRoute (
record: ?RouteRecord,
location: Location,
redirectedFrom?: Location
): Route {
if (record && record.redirect) {
return redirect(record, redirectedFrom || location)
}
if (record && record.matchAs) {
return alias(record, location, record.matchAs)
}
return createRoute(record, location, redirectedFrom, router)
}
我们先不考虑 record.redirect
和 record.matchAs
的情况,最终会调用 createRoute
方法,它的定义在 src/uitl/route.js
中:
export function createRoute (
record: ?RouteRecord,
location: Location,
redirectedFrom?: ?Location,
router?: VueRouter
): Route {
const stringifyQuery = router && router.options.stringifyQuery
let query: any = location.query || {}
try {
query = clone(query)
} catch (e) {}
const route: Route = {
name: location.name || (record && record.name),
meta: (record && record.meta) || {},
path: location.path || '/',
hash: location.hash || '',
query,
params: location.params || {},
fullPath: getFullPath(location, stringifyQuery),
matched: record ? formatMatch(record) : []
}
if (redirectedFrom) {
route.redirectedFrom = getFullPath(redirectedFrom, stringifyQuery)
}
return Object.freeze(route)
}
createRoute
可以根据 record
和 location
创建出来,最终返回的是一条 Route
路径,我们之前也介绍过它的数据结构。在 Vue-Router 中,所有的 Route
最终都会通过 createRoute
函数创建,并且它最后是不可以被外部修改的。Route
对象中有一个非常重要属性是 matched
,它通过 formatMatch(record)
计算而来:
function formatMatch (record: ?RouteRecord): Array<RouteRecord> {
const res = []
while (record) {
res.unshift(record)
record = record.parent
}
return res
}
可以看它是通过 record
循环向上找 parent
,只到找到最外层,并把所有的 record
都 push 到一个数组中,最终返回的就是 record
的数组,它记录了一条线路上的所有 record
。matched
属性非常有用,它为之后渲染组件提供了依据。
总结
那么到此,matcher
相关的主流程的分析就结束了,我们了解了 Location
、Route
、RouteRecord
等概念。并通过 matcher
的 match
方法,我们会找到匹配的路径 Route
,这个对 Route
的切换,组件的渲染都有非常重要的指导意义。下一节我们会回到 transitionTo
方法,看一看路径的切换都做了哪些事情。
原文: https://ustbhuangyi.github.io/vue-analysis/vue-router/matcher.html